Everything about The Mountainous Republic Of The Northern Caucasus totally explained
The
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (
MRNC; also known as the
Mountain Republic or the
Republic of the Mountaineers) (1917–1920) was a shortlived state situated in the
Northern Caucasus. It included most of the territory of the former
Terek Oblast and
Dagestan Oblast of the
Russian Empire, which now form the republics of
Chechnya,
Ingushetia,
North Ossetia-Alania,
Kabardino-Balkaria,
Dagestan and part of
Stavropol Krai of the
Russian Federation.
The total land area of the MRNC was about, with a population of about 1 million. Its capital was initially at
Vladikavkaz, then
Nazran and finally
Temir-Khan-Shura.
History
The "Union of the Peoples of the Northern Caucasus" was created in March 1917, and an Executive Committee of the Union was elected. The Chairman of the Executive Committee was one of the leaders of the National‐Liberation movement of the Peoples of the Northern Caucasus,
Tapa Tchermoeff. The "Nizam" of
Imam Shamil (the Constitution of Shamil of 1847) was adopted on
5 August,
1917 by the "Central Committee of the Northern Caucasus". The republic was officially established on
11 May,
1918, after the collapse of the
Russian Tsarist empire in the
Russian revolution of 1917, when the Government of the MRNC was established.
The main founders of the MRNC were
Sayd Shamil (grandson of
Imam Shamil, who was later (1924) one of the founders and leaders of the "Committee of Independence of the Caucasus" in
Germany),
Tapa Tchermoeff—
prime minister,
Sheikh Ali-Khaji Akusha,
Haidar Bamat and others. The capital of the republic was
Temir-Khan-Shura.
This Mountainous Republic was
de jure recognized by
Ottoman Empire,
Germany,
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic,
Democratic Republic of Georgia and the
Kuban People's Republic.
During the
Russian Civil War, the Mountaineers were engaged in fierce clashes against the invasive
White troops of General
Anton Denikin's
Volunteer Army. The fighting ended in January 1920, when Denikin's army was completely defeated by the
XI Red Army. The advancing Red Army was at first greeted by red flags in the villages of the
Northern Caucasus but the promises of autonomous rule made by the
Bolsheviks went unrealized.
In June 1920 the MRNC was occupied by the Red Army of
Bolshevik Russia. The legal Government of the republic was forced to leave the Caucasus. In January 1921 the
Soviet Mountain Republic of the
Russian SFSR was established.
Further Information
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